Shotcrete or sprayed concrete and Soil Nails

Shotcrete, also known as sprayed concrete, is a form of fine-aggregate concrete that is projected at high velocity onto a surface without the use of coarse aggregate. It's commonly applied over a framework of mesh, steel pins, or ribs, contributing to a comprehensive support structure for earthen or rock surfaces. This support system adheres tightly to the terrain, creating a wall-like shape that stabilizes the face of the excavation. Utilized for reinforcing excavation sites for both temporary and permanent purposes, shotcrete can be integrated with soil nails and rock bolts to establish a lightweight shoring system.